Cell Organelle: Golgi Complex II Golgi Apparatus II Fundamental Unit of Life II Cell Biology II Class 9 II Easy Notes II Letsbloomstudymaterial II Structure and Functions

STRUCTURE:

Golgi complex are Membrane bounded fluid filled structures looks like stacks of membranes.

The structure consists of: 

Membrane bound Vesicles.

The space inside the organelle is called as Lumen.

Flattened parallelly arranged Cisternae swollen at edges. 

Vesicles are associated with Cisternae.

The stacks of Golgi apparatus show Cis-Trans polarity.

Cis face is the Entry face- For sorting proteins, lipids and polysaccharides are received at this face.

Trans face is the exit face-proteins, lipids and polysaccharides are released from this face

Golgi Apparatus have connections with the membrane of Endoplasmic Reticulum.

LOCATION: 

Near Endoplasmic Reticulum as well as Plasma Membrane.

It is freely distributed in plant cells and called as Dictyosomes.

ABSENT in Red Blood Cells and Sperm Cells.

DISEASES:

Polycystic kidney disease

FUNCTIONS:
The Golgi apparatus functions as a sorting center for proteins, directing them to their appropriate destinations—some are sent to internal cell compartments for storage, while others are transported to the cell membrane for secretion. Cells that are highly active in secretion, such as insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, contain a greater number of Golgi stacks compared to other cell types.

 Sweat glands also have more Golgi Apparatus

1.Golgi Apparatus is called as Packaging center of the cell.

Golgi Apparatus packs enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates etc. in Vesicles hence called as Packaging center of the cell.

The proteins synthesized in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is called as Secretory Proteins.

These proteins are carried to Golgi Apparatus by specialized structures called as Vesicles.

Once proteins enter Golgi Apparatus it gets modified in Lumen.

Modified proteins are packed by Golgi Apparatus and target to correct destination by Secretory Vesicles.

The material synthesized in the Endoplasmic Reticulum is packaged and dispatched to various targets inside and outside the cell.

2.Golgi Apparatus is the site for storage and modification of various cell products.

3.Formation of Lysosome.

4.Formation of Complex sugar from Simple sugar.

5.Provide mechanical support to Cytoplasmic matrix.

6.Phragmoplast formation.

7.Site for Sphingomyelin and Glycosphingolipids synthesis.(Along with Cholesterol they form Lipid Raft)

8.Glycosylation: Tells the protein and lipids where to go.

Site for N-Linked and 0-Linked Glycosylation (Glycosylation in ER helps in folding of proteins)

9. Enzymes in Golgi stacks performs several important functions such as:

Addition of phosphate on 6-Hydroxyl Mannose for lysosomes

Synthesis of complex polysaccharides for Plant Cell Wall synthesis.

10. Loading of Cholesterol and Phospholipids onto Low Density Lipoproteins-LDL and High Density Lipoproteins-HDL for secretion into blood by liver cells.