Respiration in Organisms: Summary and Keywords II NCERT II Class 7 II LetsBloomStudymaterial II Free notes

RESPIRATION IN ORGANISMS 

Respiration is the process of breaking down food to release energy. 

The process of breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is called cellular respiration. 

It takes place in the cells of all organisms. 

When breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen it is called aerobic respiration. 

When the food broken down, without using oxygen. This is called anaerobic respiration. 

During heavy exercise when the supply of oxygen to our muscle cells is insufficient or lesser, glucose is partially breakdown and produces lactic acid. 

The accumulation of lactic acid causes muscle cramps. 

 Aerobic Respiration: 

 Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy 

 Anaerobic Respiration (Yeast): 

 Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + Energy 

 Anaerobic Respiration (Muscles): 

 Glucose → Lactic acid + Energy 

 Breathing is a part of the process of respiration during which an organism takes in the oxygen rich air and gives out air rich in carbon dioxide.

Breathing V/s Respiration 

 BREATHING It is a Physical process. Involves Inhalation and Exhalation 

RESPIRATION It is a Biochemical process. Involves breakdown of food to release energy 

Human Respiratory System  Main organs: Nose, Trachea, Pharynx, Lungs, Diaphragm 

Air passes: Nostrils → Trachea → Pharynx→ Lungs 

During Inhalation 

Nasal cavity → Windpipe→ Lungs →Ribs move upward → Diaphragm moves downward → Chest cavity increases → Lungs filled with air rich in Oxygen 

 During Inhalation 

 Ribs move down→ Diaphragm moves up→ Reduces the size of the chest cavity→ air is pushed out of the lungs→ Pharynx→ Nostrils.

The respiratory organs for the exchange of gases vary in different organisms.

KEYWORD 

1. Aerobic respiration: When breakdown of glucose occurs with the use of oxygen it is called aerobic respiration. The end products are Carbon dioxide, water and energy.

2. Anaerobic respiration: When breakdown of glucose occurs without the use of oxygen. This is called anaerobic respiration. The end products are Carbon dioxide, Alcohol and energy. 

3. Breathing rate: The number of times a person breathes in a minute is called as Breathing rate. A breath means one inhalation plus one exhalation. 

4. Cellular respiration: The process of breakdown of food in the cell with the release of energy is called cellular respiration. 

5. Diaphragm: A large, muscular sheet forms the floor of the chest cavity is called diaphragm. During inhalation diaphragm moves down and during exhalation it moves upward. 

6. Exhalation: The giving out of air rich in carbon dioxide is known as exhalation. 

7. Gills: Respiratory organs found in most aquatic animals like fish are called as Gills. They help in absorbing oxygen dissolved in water and removing carbon dioxide. 

8. Lungs: Lungs are the main respiratory organs in humans and some animals like frogs, birds, and mammals. It takes in oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide during breathing. 

9. Inhalation: The taking in of air rich in oxygen into the body is called inhalation 

10. Spiracles: Tiny openings present on the body surface of insects through which air enters and leaves the body. Example: Found in insects like ants, grasshoppers. 

11. Tracheae: A network of air tubes for gas exchange in insects are called as tracheae. They carries air from spiracles to all parts of the body for gas exchange. 

12. Ribs: Bones that form a cage-like structure in the chest are called as Ribs. They protect the lungs and also help in breathing