Spectroscopy is a technique that deals with interaction of light with matter.
Spectroscopy is based on principle of Lambert Beers Law.
Matter comprises of Atoms and Molecules. Atoms in a molecule are not fixed but elastic, they can vibrate, rotate, absorb and emit radiations.
Light comprises of Electro Magnetic Radiations that travels at the speed of Light. These EMR exists as Packets of Energy, having
E=hv
This EMR interacts with matter by two ways: Absorption and Emission. Sometimes the matter absorbs these EMR, or they may emit radiations.
Matter comprises of atoms and atoms have electrons in their shells in Ground state or Excited state.
During Absorption of light the electrons transfer or shift from ground state to excited state.
While during Emission the electrons transfer or shift from excited state back to ground state.
Now, How much of this light is absorbed? can be calculated or found by a Spectrum.
A Spectrum is a plot between Absorption or Emission V/S Wavelength of Light (UV/Vis/IR/Micro)
On the basis of type of Light used spectroscopy can be of various types:
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