Mitochondria easy and simple notes with questions(MCQ), Cell Organelle, Biology, For NEET, Bsc, Msc, Teaching exams

Mitochondria

• Mitochondria is a double membrane bound organelle.
• Its structure comprises of Outer membrane, Inner membrane, Matrix, Circular dna, RNA, t-RNA and several enzymes.
• It is the site for ATP production by process called as Oxidative Phosphorylation.
• Enzymes of ETC are located in inner membrane.
• ATP synthesis by ATP synthase also located in inner membrane and it is inhibited by Oligomycin.
• ATP synthase made of two units- F0 is the transport system that transport ADP and Pi into mitochondria. F1 is catalytic unit that synthesis ATP from ADP and Pi.
• Being a semiautonomous organelle it has its own DNA and RNA
• Site for TCA cycle and Urea cycle.
• The enzymes of TCA cycle are also present in matrix.
• Two of the enzymes of urea cycle are located in matrix and three in cytosol

ATP Synthase (Fo-F1 particles)

Which of the following is the primary function of mitochondria?

• A) Protein synthesis
• B) ATP production
• C) DNA replication
• D) Hormone production

Which of the following is NOT a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC)?

• A) NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)
• B) Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
• C) ATP synthase
• D) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Mitochondrial cristae are formed by the invagination of which membrane?

• A) Outer mitochondrial membrane
• B) Inner mitochondrial membrane
• C) Cristae membrane
• D) Matrix membrane

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differs from nuclear DNA in that it:

• A) Is linear and encodes for over 1,000 proteins.
• B) Is inherited exclusively from the father in most species.
• C) Is circular and encodes for a small number of proteins, tRNAs, and rRNAs.
• D) Is more prone to damage due to high levels of superoxide dismutase activity.

Which of the following is NOT part of the mitochondrial structure?

• A) Cristae
• B) Matrix
• C) Thylakoids
• D) Outer membrane

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