Mitochondria easy and simple notes with questions(MCQ), Cell Organelle, Biology, For NEET, Bsc, Msc, Teaching exams

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Mitochondria

  • Mitochondria is a double membrane bound organelle.
  • Its structure comprises of Outer membrane, Inner membrane, Matrix, Circular dna, RNA, t-RNA and several enzymes.
  • It is the site for ATP production by process called as Oxidative Phosphorylation.
  • Enzymes of ETC are located in inner membrane.
  • ATP synthesis by ATP synthase also located in inner membrane and it is inhibited by Oligomycin.
  • ATP synthase made of two units- F0 is the transport system that transport ADP and Pi into mitochondria. F1 is catalytic unit that synthesis ATP from ADP and Pi.
  • Being a semiautonomous organelle it has its own DNA and RNA
  • Site for TCA cycle and Urea cycle.
  • The enzymes of TCA cycle are also present in matrix.
  • Two of the enzymes of urea cycle are located in matrix and three in cytosol

ATP Synthase (Fo-F1 particles)
Which of the following is the primary function of mitochondria?

  • A) Protein synthesis
  • B) ATP production
  • C) DNA replication
  • D) Hormone production

Which of the following is NOT a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC)?

  • A) NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)
  • B) Cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)
  • C) ATP synthase
  • D) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Mitochondrial cristae are formed by the invagination of which membrane?

  • A) Outer mitochondrial membrane
  • B) Inner mitochondrial membrane
  • C) Cristae membrane
  • D) Matrix membrane

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) differs from nuclear DNA in that it:

  • A) Is linear and encodes for over 1,000 proteins.
  • B) Is inherited exclusively from the father in most species.
  • C) Is circular and encodes for a small number of proteins, tRNAs, and rRNAs.
  • D) Is more prone to damage due to high levels of superoxide dismutase activity.

Which of the following is NOT part of the mitochondrial structure?

  • A) Cristae
  • B) Matrix
  • C) Thylakoids
  • D) Outer membrane

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