Plant Tissues II Animal Tissue V/s Plant Tissues II Types of Tissues II Structure and Functions II Most Important Questions II Biology Exams

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The Living Organisms and Their Surrounding notes for science class 6 NCERT

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HABITAT AND ADAPTATION

The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation.

The surroundings where organisms live is called a habitat.

TYPES OF HABITATS

  • Terrestrial
  • Aquatic
COMPONENTS OF HABITAT
  • Biotic
  • Abiotic
The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial habitats.
The plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitats.
The living things such as plants and animals, in a habitat, are its biotic components. 
Various non-living things such as rocks, soil, air and water in the habitat constitute its abiotic components. 
Biotic and Abiotic factors like air, water, light and heat are very important for growth of plants.

Some Terrestrial Habitat and Adaptations

1.Deserts

  • Desert areas have intense heat during the day and cold during night.
  • Adaptations:
  • desert animals like rats and snakes stay away from the intense heat during the day, they stay in burrows deep in the sand. These animals come out only during the night, when it is cooler.
  • Desert plants lose very little water through transpiration.
  • The leaves in desert plants are either absent, very small, or they are present in the shape of spines.
  • The leaf-like structure in cactus are its stem that carry out photosynthesis.
  • stem is also covered with a thick waxy layer, which helps to retain water. Most desert plants have roots that go very deep into the soil for absorbing water.
2.Mountain regions
  • These habitats are normally very cold and windy. In some areas, snowfall may take place in winters.
  • Trees are normally cone shaped and have sloping branches. The leaves of some of these trees are needle-like. This helps the rainwater and snow to slide off easily.
  • Animals have thick skin or fur to protect them from cold.
  • yaks have long hair to keep them warm. Snow leopard has thick fur on its body.
  • The mountain goat has strong hooves for running up the rocky slopes of the mountains.

3.Grasslands

  • Lions have long claws in their front legs that can be withdrawn inside the toes.
  • It’s light brown colour helps it to hide in dry grasslands when it hunts for prey (animals to eat).
  • The eyes in front of the face allow it to have a correct idea about the location of its prey.
  • Deer has strong teeth for chewing hard plant stems of the forest.
  • It has long ears to hear movements of predators. The eyes on the side of its head allow it to look in all directions for danger.

Some Aquatic Habitats

1.Oceans

  • Fishes are adapted to live in the sea.
  • Sea animals have streamlined bodies to help them move easily in water.
  • Some sea animals like squids and octopus, which do not have this streamlined shape. They stay deeper in the ocean.
  • They have gills to help them use oxygen dissolved in water.
  • There are some sea animals like dolphins and whales that do not have gills. They breathe in air through nostrils or blowholes that are located on the upper parts of their heads.

2.Ponds and lakes

  • Frogs usually have ponds as their habitat.
  • Frogs can stay both inside the pond water as well as move on land.
  • They have strong back legs that help them in leaping and catching their prey.
  • They have webbed feet which help them swim in water.
  • In aquatic plants, roots are much reduced in size and their main function is to hold the plant in place.
  • The stems of these plants are long, hollow and light.
  • In submerged plants all parts of such plants grow under water.
  • Some of these plants have narrow and thin ribbon-like leaves. These can bend in the flowing water.
  • Leaves are often highly divided, through which the water can easily flow

Characteristics common to all living things.

  • Organisms need energy for other life processes.
  • Living things show growth- Growth seems to be common to all living things.
  • Living things do respire- Breathing is part of a process called respiration.
  • Living things respond to stimuli-Changes in our surroundings that makes us respond to them, are called stimuli.
  • Living organisms and excretion-Plants and animals both excrete waste. The process of getting rid of these wastes by the living organisms is known as excretion.
  • Living things produce more of their own kind through reproduction.

Link for Complete theory:

https://youtube.com/shorts/rCxo6q89Ggc?feature=share


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