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Structure of Volvox- Green Algae

on June 23, 2024

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Systematic Position:

Distribution of Volvox:

Structure:

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Extraction, analysis and quantification of plant hormones

Plant Hormone extraction, analysis, and quantitation * Hormone extraction and identification has been made possible due to advances in chemical analysis, chromatographic techniques, and mass spectrometry. * It is difficult to extract and identify plant hormone from plant extract as the extract contains major metabolites, such as sucrose, also hormones concentrations in plant tissues are low up to more than ten times compared to other material in plant tissue. * Another thing that effects identification and extraction is the complexity in structure of plant hormones. * Chemical properties of phytohormone also effect hormone analysis, quantification and extraction. * Wide range of chemical properties, many hormones (e.g., gibberellic acid and brassinosteroids) are quite hydrophobic, while hormones like auxins and cytokinins are more hydrophilic. * Keeping the diversity of solubility, Structure and chemical nature in view, tissue homogenates are subjected to “clean up” or enrichment met...

Types of life cycle in algae- Haplontic, Diplontic, Haplobiontic, Diplohaplontic for Bsc and Msc with Notes

Life cycle is the sequence of changes in morphological phases during the growth and development of organism. A life cycle with two generations- Sporophyte and Gametophyte is called as Alteration of Generation. When the Gametophyte does not resemble the Sporophyte, this is called as Heteromorphic Alteration of Generation. When the Gametophyte resemble the Sporophyte this is called as Homomorphic Alteration of Generation. Sporophyte are always diploid with cells capable of undergoing Meiosis and form Haploid spores. On the basis of occurrence of haploid and diploid phase alternating with each other five types of cycles : Haplontic Diplontic Diplohaplontic Haplobiontic Diplobiontic Haplontic Life Cycle In this type of life cycle the vegetative plant is haploid/ Gametophyte. Haploid gametes are produced by male and female Gametophyte. Gametes unite to form diploid zygote or Sporophyte. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by MEIOSIS. These haploid spores give rise to gametophyte(h...

Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation is a conservation method that allows the long-term storage of samples at low temperature up-to -196C making sure that it does not affects cell's viability. It is an important and efficient method for preservation of world's genetic resources. It allows long term conservation of biological material Its simplicity and applicability make it an efficient method. The plant material stored can be- Seed, Shoot tip, Zygotic embryo, somatic embryo, Pollens, different types of plant cells, tissue and organs. Various means for storage at low temperature: At -79°C over solid CO2 At-80 °C in Deep Freezers At -150 °C in Vapor phase At -196 °C in Liquid Nitrogen These varying temperatures are also called as Sub-Zero temperature. PRINCIPLE The Sub-Zero temperature (below0 °C) makes the cells suspended due to slow down of biological reactions including metabolism, cellular transport, division etc. The cells remain in this suspended state until the temperature is restored. This...

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