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Membrane transport cell biology notes

on June 26, 2024

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Extraction, analysis and quantification of plant hormones

Plant Hormone extraction, analysis, and quantitation * Hormone extraction and identification has been made possible due to advances in chemical analysis, chromatographic techniques, and mass spectrometry. * It is difficult to extract and identify plant hormone from plant extract as the extract contains major metabolites, such as sucrose, also hormones concentrations in plant tissues are low up to more than ten times compared to other material in plant tissue. * Another thing that effects identification and extraction is the complexity in structure of plant hormones. * Chemical properties of phytohormone also effect hormone analysis, quantification and extraction. * Wide range of chemical properties, many hormones (e.g., gibberellic acid and brassinosteroids) are quite hydrophobic, while hormones like auxins and cytokinins are more hydrophilic. * Keeping the diversity of solubility, Structure and chemical nature in view, tissue homogenates are subjected to “clean up” or enrichment met...

Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation is a conservation method that allows the long-term storage of samples at low temperature up-to -196C making sure that it does not affects cell's viability. It is an important and efficient method for preservation of world's genetic resources. It allows long term conservation of biological material Its simplicity and applicability make it an efficient method. The plant material stored can be- Seed, Shoot tip, Zygotic embryo, somatic embryo, Pollens, different types of plant cells, tissue and organs. Various means for storage at low temperature: At -79°C over solid CO2 At-80 °C in Deep Freezers At -150 °C in Vapor phase At -196 °C in Liquid Nitrogen These varying temperatures are also called as Sub-Zero temperature. PRINCIPLE The Sub-Zero temperature (below0 °C) makes the cells suspended due to slow down of biological reactions including metabolism, cellular transport, division etc. The cells remain in this suspended state until the temperature is restored. This...

Terminalia chebula: Morphology, Cultivation practices and Importance II economic botany notes II Free Study material

Economic Botany and Morphology of Terminalia chebula - Harad Common Name: Harad Botanical Name: Terminalia chebula Family: Combretaceae Terminalia chebula , a tree species belongs to Combretaceae family It is an ethnomedicinal plant used by local people all over India for treating various diseases like laxative, diuretic, asthma, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, piles etc. It is commonly known as Harad and Harida . The fruit of T. chebula is considered as the “king of medicines ” in Ayurvedic medicine system. Various plant parts of T. chebula are found rich in phytochemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, sterols, amino acids, chebulic acid and chebulinic acid. It is always listed first in the Indian Ayurvedic medicine system because of its extraordinary powers of healing with a broad spectrum of biological and medicinal activities. It is always listed first in the Indian Ayurvedic medicine system because of its extraordinary p...

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Membrane transport cell biology notes

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